Dedication
This work is dedicated to doctors everywhere, especially to those who are just starting out, or who are in the thick of it, or who are at the sharp end of a difficult decision.
- Contents
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- Front matter
- 1 Thinking about medicine
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- The Old Hippocratic oath ∼425BC
- A New Hippocratic oath ∼2004AD
- Ideals
- Ideals and less than ideal methods of care
- The bedside manner and communication skills
- Asking questions
- What is the mechanism? Finding narrative answers
- Death: diagnosis and management
- Facing death
- Prescribing drugs
- Prevention
- Is this new drug any good? Analysis & meta-analysis
- Surviving house jobs
- Quality, QALYs, and the interpretation of dreams
- The inverse care law and distributive justice
- Psychiatry on medical and surgical wards
- The elderly patient in hospital
- On being busy: Corrigan's secret door
- Health and medical ethics
- Difficult patients
- Medicine, art, and the humanities
- 2 Clinical skills
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- 2 Clinical skills
- Taking a history
- Functional enquiry
- Physical examination
- The cardiovascular system
- The jugular venous pressure
- Pulses
- The heart sounds
- Cardiac murmurs
- The respiratory system
- Examining the chest
- Gastrointestinal history
- Examining the gastrointestinal system
- Genitourinary history
- The neurological system
- Cranial nerve examination
- Speech and higher mental function
- Psychiatric assessment
- Method and order for routine examination
- 3 Signs and symptoms
- 4 Cardiovascular medicine
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- 4 Cardiovascular medicine
- Cardiovascular symptoms
- ECG—a methodical approach
- ECG—abnormalities
- ECG—additional points
- Exercise ECG testing
- Ambulatory ECG monitoring (Holter monitor)
- Cardiac catheterization
- Echocardiography
- Cardiovascular drugs
- Angina pectoris
- Acute coronary syndromes (ACS)
- Management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
- Complications of MI
- Arrhythmias
- Narrow complex tachycardia
- Broad complex tachycardia
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter
- Pacemakers
- Heart failure—basic concepts
- Heart failure—management
- Hypertension
- Hypertension—management
- Rheumatic fever
- Mitral valve disease
- Aortic valve disease
- Right heart valve disease
- Cardiac surgery
- Infective endocarditis (IE)
- Diseases of heart muscle
- Pericardial diseases
- Congenital heart disease
- Driving and the heart
- 5 Chest medicine
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- 5 Chest medicine
- Bedside tests in chest medicine
- Further investigations in chest medicine
- Pneumonia
- Specific pneumonias
- Complications of pneumonia
- Bronchiectasis
- Cystic fibrosis (CF)
- Fungi and the lung
- Lung tumours
- Asthma
- Management of chronic asthma
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Respiratory failure
- Pulmonary embolism (PE)
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusion
- Sarcoidosis
- Interstitial lung disease (ILD)
- Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Industrial dust diseases
- Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
- Cor pulmonale
- 6 Endocrinology
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- 6 Endocrinology
- Diabetes mellitus: classification and diagnosis
- Treatment of diabetes mellitus
- Helping people with established diabetes
- Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot care
- Hypoglycaemia
- Thyroid function tests (TFTs)
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Hypothyroidism (myxoedema)
- Parathyroid hormone and hyperparathyroidism
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Adrenal cortex and Cushing's syndrome
- Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency)
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Hirsutism, virilism, gynaecomastia & impotence/ED
- Hypopituitarism
- Pituitary tumours
- Hyperprolactinaemia
- Acromegaly
- Diabetes insipidus (DI)
- 7 Gastroenterology
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- 7 Gastroenterology
- Healthy, enjoyable eating
- The mouth
- Dysphagia
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dyspepsia (indigestion) & peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
- Hiatus hernia
- Diarrhoea
- Constipation
- Jaundice
- Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: 1
- Upper GI bleeding: 2 and
bleeding varices - Endoscopy and biopsy
- Liver failure
- Cirrhosis
- Hereditary haemochromatosis (HH)
- α1-antitrypsin deficiency
- Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
- Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)
- Liver tumours
- Ulcerative colitis (UC)
- Crohn's disease
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Carcinoma of the pancreas
- Nutritional disorders
- Carcinoid tumours
- Gastrointestinal malabsorption
- Coeliac disease
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Alcoholism
- 8 Renal medicine
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- 8 Renal medicine
- Urine
- Renal Histology
- Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Renal calculi (nephrolithiasis)
- Urinary tract obstruction
- Glomerulonephritis (GN)
- The nephrotic syndrome
- Acute renal failure (ARF): diagnosis
- Chronic renal failure (CRF)
- Renal replacement therapy
- Interstitial nephritides and nephrotoxins
- Renal vascular disease
- Renal tubular disease
- Inherited kidney diseases
- Renal manifestations of systemic disease
- 9 Haematology
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- 9 Haematology
- Anaemia
- Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA)
- The anaemia of chronic disease
- Sideroblastic anaemia
- The peripheral blood film
- The differential white cell count
- Macrocytic anaemia
- B12 deficiency and pernicious anaemia
- An approach to haemolytic anaemia
- Causes of haemolytic anaemia
- Sickle-cell anaemia
- Thalassaemia
- Bleeding disorders
- An approach to bleeding
- Anticoagulants
- Leukaemia and the house officer
- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
- Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
- Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Pancytopenia, and bone marrow failure
- The myeloproliferative disorders
- Myeloma
- Paraproteinaemia
- Amyloidosis
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- Plasma viscosity (PV)
- Hyperviscosity syndrome
- Thrombophilia
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- 10 Infectious diseases(ID)
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- 10 Infectious diseases(ID)
- The classification of pathogens
- Antibiotics: cephalosporins
- Antibiotics: others
- Blind ℞ for presumed septicaemia, pneumonia, etc
- Drug abuse and infectious diseases
- Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO)
- Diagnosing the tropical traveller
- Gastroenteritis
- Immunization
- MalariaND: clinical features and diagnosis
- Malaria: treatment and prophylaxis
- Tuberculosis (TB)ND: TB-with-HIV: p397; BCG: p381
- Herpes virus infections
- Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
- Influenza
- The common cold (coryza)
- Toxoplasmosis
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Viral hepatitis
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Complications of HIV infection
- What every doctor should know about HIV
- Antiretroviral agents
- Sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STI/STD)
- Vaginal discharge and urethritis
- Miscellaneous Gram positive bacteria
- Miscellaneous Gram negative bacteria
- Tetanus
- Enteric fever
- Bacillary dysentery
- Cholera
- Leprosy
- Spirochaetes
- Poliomyelitis
- Rabies
- Viral haemorrhagic (and related) fevers
- Arthropod-borne bacteria
- Some gastrointestinal protozoa
- Trypanosomiasis
- Leishmaniasis
- Fungi
- Nematodes (roundworms)
- Cestodes (tapeworms)
- Trematodes (flukes)
- Exotic infections
- 11 Neurology
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- 11 Neurology
- The chief questions of bedside neurology
- Cerebral artery territories
- Drugs and the nervous system
- Testing peripheral nerves
- Dermatomes
- Headache
- Migraine
- Blackouts
- Dizziness and vertigo
- Hearing loss
- Tinnitus
- Weak legs and cord compression
- Abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia)
- Stroke: clinical features and investigations
- Stroke: management and prevention
- Rehabilitation after stroke
- Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
- Intracranial venous thrombosis (IVT)
- Subdural haemorrhage
- Extradural (epidural) haemorrhage
- Delirium (acute confusional state)
- Dementia
- Alzheimer's disease (AD)
- Epilepsy: diagnosis
- Anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs)
- Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonism
- Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Space-occupying lesions
- Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial nerve palsy)
- Mononeuropathies
- Autonomic neuropathy (sympathetics & parasympatheticp)
- Polyneuropathies
- Bulbar palsy
- Motor neurone disease (MND)
- Cervical spondylosis
- Primary disorders of muscle (myopathies)
- Myasthenia gravis (MG)
- Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
- Neurofibromatosis
- Syringomyelia
- Retroviruses and neurology
- Models of brain functioning
- 12 Oncology and palliative care
- 13 Rheumatological and related illnesses
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- 13 Rheumatological and related illnesses
- Points to note in the rheumatological history
- Back pain
- Arthritis—general points
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Crystal arthropathies
- Spondyloarthritides
- Autoimmune connective tissue diseases
- Polymyositis and dermatomyositis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Vasculitis
- Giant cell (or cranial or temporal) arteritis (GCA)
- Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
- Systemic conditions causing eye signs
- Skin manifestations of systemic diseases
- Specific diseases and their skin manifestations
- Skin diagnoses not to be missed
- 14 Surgery
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- 14 Surgery
- Pre-operative care
- Consent
- Prophylactic antibiotics in surgery
- Bowel preparation in colorectal surgery
- Sutures
- Anaesthesia
- The control of pain
- General post-operative complications
- Urine output↓ (oliguria)
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- Swollen legs
- Specific post-operative complications
- Stoma care
- Blood transfusion and blood products
- Nutritional support in hospital
- Parenteral (intravenous) nutrition
- Diabetic patients undergoing surgery
- Jaundiced patients undergoing surgery
- Surgery in those on steroids
- Surgery in those on anticoagulants
- The acute abdomen
- Acute appendicitis
- Acute pancreatitis
- Aneurysms and dissections of arteries
- Diverticular disease
- Angiodysplasia
- Gallstones
- Gangrene and necrotizing fasciitis
- Skin ulcers
- Mesenteric ischaemia
- Limb ischaemia
- Obstruction of the bowel
- Some paediatric surgical emergencies
- Torsion of the testis
- Urinary retention & benign prostatic hypertrophy
- Urinary incontinence
- Urinary tract malignancies
- Bladder tumours
- Breast lumps & breast carcinoma
- Colorectal adenocarcinoma
- Carcinoma of the stomach
- Carcinoma of the oesophagus
- Lumps
- Lumps in the groin and scrotum
- Lumps in the neck
- Submandibular triangle:
- Lumps in the thyroid
- Abdominal masses
- Around the anus
- Haemorrhoids (piles)
- Hernias
- Inguinal hernias
- Varicose veins (VVs)
- Gastric surgery and its aftermath
- Operations for peptic ulcers
- Fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux
- Minimally invasive surgery
- 15 Epidemiology
- 16 Clinical chemistry
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- 16 Clinical chemistry
- On being normal in the society of numbers
- The laboratory and ward tests
- Intravenous fluid therapy
- IV fluids on the surgical ward
- Acid–base balance
- Kidney function
- Urate and the kidney
- Electrolyte physiology
- Sodium: hyponatraemia
- Hypernatraemia
- Potassium
- Hyperkalaemia
- Hypokalaemia
- Calcium: physiology
- Hypocalcaemia
- Hypercalcaemia
- Magnesium
- Zinc
- Selenium
- Metabolic bone diseases 1. Osteoporosis
- 2. Paget's disease of bone
- 3. Osteomalacia
- Plasma proteins
- Plasma enzymes
- Tumour markers
- Hyperlipidaemia
- The porphyrias
- 17 Eponymous syndromes
- 18 Radiology
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- 18 Radiology
- The art of the request
- Chest x-ray (CXR)
- Plain abdominal x-ray (AXR)
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Ultrasound (US)
- Nuclear medicine
- Radionuclide imaging in cardiology
- Cardiac CT and MRI
- Radiological GI procedures and imaging
- Urinary tract imaging
- Neuroimaging
- Contrast in imaging
- 19 Reference intervals, etc.
- 20 Practical procedures
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- 20 Practical procedures
- Placing IV cannulae (drips)
- Catheterizing bladders
- Tapping ascites
- Diagnostic aspiration of a pleural effusion
- Pleural biopsy
- Inserting a chest drain
- Lumbar puncture (LP)
- Cardioversion/defibrillation
- Cricothyroidotomy
- Subclavian venous cannulation
- Inserting a temporary cardiac pacemaker
- 21 Emergencies
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- 21 Emergencies
- Headache: differential diagnosis
- Breathlessness: emergency presentations
- Chest pain: differential diagnosis
- Coma
- The Glasgow coma scale (GCS)
- Shock
- Anaphylactic shock
- Acute myocardial infarction
- Acute coronary syndrome—without ST-elevation
- Severe pulmonary oedema
- Cardiogenic shock
- Broad complex tachycardia
- Narrow complex tachycardia
- Acute severe asthma
- Acute exacerbations of COPD
- Pneumothorax
- Tension pneumothorax
- Pneumonia
- Massive pulmonary embolism (PE)
- Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- Meningitis
- Emergency management of encephalitisND
- Status epilepticus
- Cerebral abscess
- Head injury
- Raised intracranial pressure (ICP↑)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Other diabetic emergencies
- Thyroid emergencies
- Addisonian crisis
- Hypopituitary coma
- Phaeochromocytoma emergencies
- Acute renal failure (ARF)—management
- Acute poisoning—general measures
- Acute poisoning—specific points
- Some specific poisons and their antidotes
- Salicylate poisoning
- Paracetamol poisoning
- Burns
- Hypothermia
- Major disasters
- End matter
- Disclaimer
-
Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work.
